Combustion engine



W. B. GEARY.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPucATloN FILED luNE 4.19m.

1,3 12,97 1 Patented Aug.' 12,1919.

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INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 4.1917.

Patented Aug. 12, 1919.

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3 SHEETS-SHEET 3 E.. N1 mm N... IEH VINE ROW ATI. ELSD GUE BL .MH BON C0 WLM AA NC RL rrP TD1 NA WILLIAM BRITTON GEARY, 0F MEDICINE HAT, ALBERTA, CAADA.

iNTnitNAL-coMBUs'iroN ENGINE.

Specicaton of Letters Patent.

Application led June-4, 1917. Serial No. 172,843.

T 0 all whom z' may concern:

Be it known` that I, IVILLIAM BRrrroN GEARY, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and a resident of the town of Medicine Hat, in the Province of Alberta, and the Dominion of Canada, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a full description.

This invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines of the four cycle type, and the objects of the invention are to dispense with the use of mechanically operated and spring controlled valves and other renewable parts of a like nature which require constant attention and adjustment, and to permit of the fuel being fed to the cylinder and the products of combustion being discharged therefrom during the reciprocation of the piston and due to a rotary motion being imparted to the same during each cycle of the engine, whereby a port formed in the piston is alternately brought into alinement with inlet and exhaust ports formed on diametrically opposite sides of the cylinder.

Further objects are to simplify the several parts and render the same easily accessible for inspection, to permit of the engine being utilized for stationary, automobile or other purposes, and generally to adapt the several parts to better perform the'functions required of them. i

Vith these and other objects in view, the invention consists essentially of the improved construction particularly described and set forth in the following specification and accompanying drawings forming part' of the same.

In the drawings,

Figure 1 is a vertical section of an engine cylinder embodying'the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section of an engine cylinder with the piston and the cylinder head removed.

Fig. 3 is an elevation of the cylinder as seen when cut and developed into a' rectangle.

Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the piston with the cylinder head in section. Y Fig. 5 is a perspective View of the worm wheel and curvilinear arms cari'ied thereby desi ed to rotate the piston.

Fig. 6 is a plan view of the worm shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the piston rings designed to be utilized with the piston.-

Fig. 8 is a transverse section of the piston on the line` 2-2 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 9 is a detail of a cross section taken through the ports.

Like characters of reference refer to like parts in the several figures.

Referring to the drawings, A represents an internal combustion engine comprising the cylinder B having a water jacket 10 and provided on diametrically opposite sides with intake and exhaust ports .11 and 12 which communicate through conduits 15, '14 and 13 in the cylinder walls with passageways 9a and 9 extending from thev said conduits through the inner wall ofthe cylinder.

The conduits 13 and 14 vare incommunication with the exhaust port 1,2, while the conduit 15 communicates with the intake port 11.

The conduits 13, 14 and 15 are angularly disposed, the iirst and last being considerably shorter than the intermediate one which extends practically the whole length of the working stroke of the piston, and the openings 9a and 9 are somewhat an larly disposed. I have found that an inclination of twenty-five degrees of the openings give good results in practice.`

The lower end of the cylinder is provided with a iiange l16 designed to be engagedand secured to the crank casing 17 by means'of screws 18 or the like, the upper end of theV cylinder being provided `with a cylinder head 20 secured in position by studs 21 or4 vthe like.v The cylinder head is provided With a ange 22 and is formed with double Awalls 23 and 24'providing a Water jacket -25 to which cooling fluid is delivered through the inlet 26. v

The cylinder head is also provided with a piston ring'27 which prevents any tendency of leakage of tl'ie motive Huid between the side walls of the cylinder head and the sleeve 33 carried by the piston 28.

A spark plug 29 is threaded into the cylinder head'20 and the inner wall of the cylinder head is provided with a concave recess'. 30 into which the spark plug extends,l the said recess and clearance space between the head and piston giving adequate compres- 'sion space for the motive uid,

The piston 28 is quite'unique and consists of a cylindrical body portion`31 having a. pair of curvilinear slots 32 arranged on diametrically opposite sides thereof and extendin from the [bottom face upwardly to near t e top of the piston, While the upper Patented Aug.. 12, 1919.

face of the piston is formed integral with the sleeve 33 designed to slidably engage .between the wall 24 of the cylinder head 20 and the inner wall of the cylinder 10.

It will be noticed by reference to Fig. l, that the wall 24 of the cylinder head is spaced from the inner wall of the cylinder leaving an annular passageway into which the sleeve 33 extends.

This sleeve is provided adjacent to its lower end with a. port 34 located in the annular recess 35 in which the piston rings 36 are located, the said piston rings being designed to frictionally engage with the inner wall of. the cylinder 10 and prevent any leakage of combustible fluid, either in an upward or downward direction, While the piston ring 27 of the cylinder head engages with the inner wall or periphery of the sleeve 33, and also obvia-tes any tendency to leakage.

The piston 28 is connected to the crank shaft of the engine by the connecting rod 37 which terminates on the upper end in a spherical enlargement 38 adapted to engage with the semi-spherical recess 39 in the lower face of the piston, this enlargement being held in position by a clamping niember 40 which is secured to the piston'by means of screws 41 or the like.

It will thus be seen that the connecting rod 37 makes a ball and socket connection with the piston 28 so allowing the piston to be rotated in a horizontal plane during each cycle of the engine.

The means which I preferably employ for rotating the piston consists of a worm wheel 42 which meshes with the worm 43 mounted on the spindle 44, the said spindle being designed to be rotated from the crank shaft or any other part of the engine by any suitable mechanism.

To eliminate friction the worm wheel 42 is supported by the flanged ring 8 which carries ball bearings 45 engaging the under face of the worm wheel, while the .upper face of the wheel engages with the ball bearings 46 which engages with theball race 7.

The flanged ring 8 and ball race 7 are secured to theflange 16 of the cylinder and the crank casing 17 of therecess 18.

The worm lwheel is provided on diametrically opposite sides with a pair of curvilinear or arcuate arms 47 which are designed to make sliding engagement with t-he slots 32 formed in the piston 28, so that as rotary motion is transmitted to the worm wheel through the actuation of the Worm 43, the said arms will engage with the lateral walls of the slots 32 and so rotate the piston 28.

The assembly of the several parts will be readilyT understood from the foregoing 'des scription.

4YVhen an engine equipped in this manner is in use, the spark plug 29 is connected to the usual magneto, batteries or the like. and during the reciprocation ofthe piston 28, rotation of t-he same takes place to control the inlet of motive fluid and the exhaust of the products of combustion.

A complete four stroke cycle can be best illustrated by reference to Fig. 3.

Suppose, for instance, a charge of motive fluid has been delivered to the engine, then during the first ninety degrees of rotation of the piston 28, that is to say on the instroke of the piston the charge is com,

pressed. After being rotated through a quarter of a turn, the piston has reached its innermost position and compression is completed.

Ignition now takes place, and the piston commences its outward stroke and when the piston has reached about three quarter stroke. the. port 34 in the sleeve 33 registers with the openings 9 in the conduit 13, which being in communication with the outlet port 12, permits the products of combustion to exhaust. i

The piston has now been rotated through one hundred and eighty degrees and has reached its outermostvposition. On the inward motion of the piston the port 34 will register with the successive openings 9 in the conduit 14 which is a continuation 0f the conduit 13 and communicates with the exhaust port 12.

At the innermost end of the istons third stroke the exhaust is completedp and the piston has been rotated through two hundred and seventy degrees.

On the beginning of the next outward stroke of the piston the port 34 registers with the openings 9a in the conduit 15 which communicates with the inlet portJ 11.

Motive fluid is thus fed to the cylinder and the fluid is compressed in the next inward stroke of the piston, the several phases being repeated during'each four stroke cycle.

By rotating the piston 28 during the reciprocation of the same ,the 'part 34 in the sleeve 33 follows a wave like path, so that it registers successively with the openings 9 and 9u in the conduits 13, -14 and 15 re- Spectively.

Cooling fluid is delivered to the jackets 10 and 25 during the working of the engine.

The rotation of the piston 28 is positive since the arms 47 of the worm wheel engage with theend walls of the slots 32 and since the worm wheel is positively geared to the worm 43 which is driven from the engine, the timing of the registration of the port 34, in the sleeve 33, with the openings 9l and 9", is readily accomplished so that the several phases of the cycle, namely, intake compression, ignition and exhaust take place in the required order to obtain the best results.

Fro'm this description it Will be seen that I have invented an internal combustion engine in which all ,mechanically operated spring controlled valves are dispensed with, the several parts beingA of an extremely simple nature, not liable to go` out of repair.

As many changes could be made in the above descriptionA and many apparently Widely different embodiments of 1ny` invention Within the scope of the claims constructed Without,departing from the spirit or scope thereof, it is intended that all matter contained in' the accompanying specilication and drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and notin a limited sense What I claim asmy invention is:

In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having conduits in the Walls thereof, angularly disposed relatively to each other with openings extending through the cylinder walls, said conduits being substantially continuous and Z-shaped in aspect with the intermediate conduit longer than the others, a piston reciprocating in the cylinder having a sleeve provided with a port and means for rotating the piston to cause the port in the sleeve to register with the openings from the conduits, the said means consisting of a pair of arms engaging the piston, and means controlling the actuation of the said arms.

In witness whereof -I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.

VILLIAM BRITTON GEARY. 

